Ecosystem

What is Ecosystem?

Ecosystem is a small structural functional self-regulatoryand self sustaining unit of nature or environmen where living organism interact with both living and non-living atmosphere (environment ) around them self.
*Ecosystem may be larger or smaller or permanent or temporary.

*Type of ecosystem:-
(1) Natural ecosystem:-It is also a community where naturally both living and non-living things interact with each other in natural manner.
*Natural ecosystems also two types:-
(a) Terrestrial ecosystems:-When both living and non-living things interact with each other as unit on land in natural manner.
example:-Grassland, Forest, Tree  🌲 , Desert ecosystem.

(b) Aquatic ecosystem When both living and non-living things interact with each other as unit in water body as natural manner.

*Aquatic ecosystems is again two types:-
(i) Lentic ecosystem:-Ecosystem of stagnant water body.
Example:- Lake, Pond, Swamp.

(ii) Lotic ecosystem:- Ecosystem of running fresh water body.
Example:- River

(2) Artificial ecosystem:- Ecosystem which is made by humans beings.
Example:-Cropland, Gardens

*On the basis of size ecosystem is of four types:-
(1) Mega ecosystem:- When ecosystem is exist in huge large body .
Example:-Ocean, Sea
(2) Macro ecosystem:- When ecosystem exist in large body due to some dominant species.
Example:-Forest
(3) Micro ecosystem:- When ecosystem is exist in not very large and not very small body.
It is also exist in intermediate body .
Example:- Pond.
(4)Nano ecosystem:- When ecosystem exist in smallest body.
Example:- Drop off water .

**Component of ecosystem:- Every ecosystem composed of two component:-
(1) Biotic Component:-It include all living things like plant  ,animal ,scavenger decomposer(microbes) .
Biotic components are mainly two type:-
(a)Producer:- Living things which can prepare their own food with the help of ⛅ sun light. Green plant are the main producer. In the process of photosynthesis producer absorb light  energya convert it intochemical energy so producer are also called converter or transducer.
*In aquatic ecosystem phytoplankton and algae are major autotroph.

(b) Consumer:-Living things which cannot prepare their own foods are known as consumer. Directely herbivor indirectely  depend on Carnivores.Herbivore depends on plant for their food. Carnivores depends on herbivores for their food.
*Types of Consumer:-
(i) Primary Consumer:-Obetain food directory from plant (producer).
Example:-Herbivor like Cow, Goat, Buffalo, Rabbit etc.
(ii) Secondary consumer:-Directely feed on primary consumer and obtain food .
Example:-Dog, Cat, Snake etc.
(iii) Top Consumer:-Animal which is under enema for food but not eat the animal which is killed by other animal .
Example:-Lino,Man, Hawk, Peacock

*Decomposer or Saprotrophs/Osmotrophs:-Living organisms which decompose the dead organism of producer and consumer are known as decomposer  or transformer or reducer. Maind decomposer are bacteria and fungi in an ecosystem.
*Decomposer convert complex organic material of dead animal and plant into simple organic matter through the process of decomposition and release minerals are into soil where they are used by the new plant so s are considered as the best source of minerals.

(2) Abiotic Component:-Abiotic components of an ecosystem include:-
(i) Light:- Light is one of the most important factor of any in any type of ecosystem .Sun is the only source of energy in all type of ecosystem.

(ii) Temperature:-After light temperature is the most important factor of any type of ecosystem.Temperature perfect body part and its size.

(iii) Soil:-Soil is the outermost layer of earth crust formed by weathering of rock,  soil is mixture of living and nonliving material. Properties of different type soil vary depend on climate the weathering process transport of sedimentary rocks how the development occur ,composition, grain size ,aggregation determine the property working  of soil.